List of monarchs who lost their thrones before the 13th century
This is a list of monarchs who lost their thrones before the 13th century.
A
Alemannia and Rhaetia (Swabia)
- Manso, Prefect of Amalfi, Prefect of Amalfi from 898 to 914, retired to a monastery.
- Sergius II of Amalfi, Duke of Amalfi 1007–1028, deposed.
- Manso II of Amalfi, Duke of Amalfi from 1028 to 1029, from 1034 to 1038, and from 1043 to 1052.
- John II of Amalfi, Duke of Amalfi 1029–1069 with many interruptions.
- John III of Amalfi, Duke of Amalfi 1073, deposed.
- Marinus Sebastus of Amalfi, Duke of Amalfi 1096–c. 1100. Deposed.
- Roger II of Sicily, Duke of Apulia 1127–1130, deposed when his duchy became a part of his new Kingdom of Sicily.
- Firminus, Count of Auvergne c. 555 or 558, deposed, restored, 560–571.
- Kaleb of Axum, King of Axum, said to have abdicated c. 520.
- Anasa Wedem, King of Axum in the 9th–10th century, deposed.
B
- Marduk-zakir-shumi II, King of Babylon 703 BC, overthrown.
- Marduk-apla-iddina II, King of Babylon 722–710 BC, and 703–702 BC. Deposed and later retreate to Elam.
- Sennacherib, King of Babylon 705–703 BC and 689–681 BC.
- Bel-ibni, King of Babylon 703–700 BC, deposed 700 BC.
- Nergal-ushezib, King of Babylon 694–693 BC, deposed and defeated by Assyria in 693 BC.
- Nabonidus, King of Babylon, deposed in 539BC due to the conquest of Babylon by the Persians.
- Grifo, Duke of Bavaria 748, deposed 748, died c. 753.
- Tassilo III of Bavaria, Duke of Bavaria 748 to 787, deposed 787, died c. 796.
- Louis the German, King of Bavaria 817–843, lost Bavaria after the Treaty of Verdun, died 876.
- Engeldeo, Margrave of Bavaria 890–895, deposed 895.
- Eberhard, Duke of Bavaria, Duke of Bavaria 937 – 938, deposed 938.
- Henry II, Duke of Bavaria, Duke of Bavaria 955–976 and 985–995.
- Henry III, Duke of Bavaria, 983–985, deposed 985, died 989.
- Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor, Duke of Bavaria 995–1005.
- Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, Duke of Bavaria 1026–1041.
- Conrad I, Duke of Bavaria, Duke of Bavaria 1049–1053, deposed 1053, died 1055.
- Welf I, Duke of Bavaria, Duke of Bavaria 1070–1077 and 1096–1101.
- Otto of Nordheim, Duke of Bavaria 1061–1070, deposed 1070, died 1083.
- Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, Duke of Bavaria 1053–1054, 1055–1061, 1077–1096.
- Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria, Duke of Bavaria 1120–1126, abdicated 1126 and died shortly thereafter.
- Henry II, Duke of Austria, Duke of Bavaria 1141–1156, displaced 1156, died 1177.
- Henry the Lion, Duke of Bavaria 1156–1180, deposed 1180, died 1195.
- Grimoald I of Benevento, Duke of Benevento 651–662, died 671.
- Audelais of Benevento, Duke of Benevento 732–733, deposed.
- Liutprand of Benevento, Duke of Benevento 749–758, deposed, died after 759.
- Radelchis II of Benevento, Prince of Benevento 881–884 and 897–900, died 907.
- Landulf IV of Benevento, Prince of Benevento 981, died 892.
- Godfrey I the Captive, Duke of Bouillon 959–964, died 995.
- Godfrey V, Duke of Bouillon 1076–1095, died 1100.
- Sevar, Khan of Bulgaria 738-753, deposed
- Kormisosh, Khan of Bulgaria 753-756, deposed and murdered
- Vinekh, Khan of Bulgaria 756-762, deposed and murdered
- Telets, Khan of Bulgaria 762-765, deposed and murdered
- Sabin, Khan of Bulgaria 765–766, deposed, fled to Constantinopole.
- Umor, Khan of Bulgaria 766, deposed, fled to Constantinople.
- Toktu, Khan of Bulgaria 766-767, deposed and murdered near the Danube.
- Pagan, Khan of Bulgaria 767-768, deposed and murdered near Varna.
- Telerig, Khan of Bulgaria 768–777, forced to flee into exile.
- Boris I, Knyaz of Bulgaria 852–889, abdicated 889 died 907.
- Vladimir-Rasate, Knyaz of Bulgaria 889–893, deposed, blinded and imprisoned by his father.
- Peter I of Bulgaria, Emperor of Bulgaria 927-969, abdicated 969, died January 970.
- Boris II, Emperor of Bulgaria 969-971, abdicated 971
- Roman, Emperor of Bulgaria 976-991 (997), captured by the Byzantines in 991, died in captivity in 997.
- Presian II of Bulgaria, Emperor of Bulgaria 1018, died in the 1060s.
- Peter II Delyan, Emperor of Bulgaria 1040-1041, deposed by Byzantium.
- Constantine Bodin as Peter III, Emperor of Bulgarian 1072, deposed by Byzantium.
- Sobjeslav, ruler of the White Croats c. 990s, died 1004.
- Heracleonas, deposed 641.
- Justinian II, deposed 695, restored 705.
- Leontius, deposed 698.
- Tiberius III, deposed 705.
- Philippicus, deposed 713.
- Anastasius II, deposed 715.
- Theodosius III, deposed 717.
- Constantine VI, deposed 797.
- Irene, deposed 802.
- Stauracius, deposed 811.
- Michael I, deposed 813.
- Romanus I, deposed 944.
- Michael V, deposed 1042.
- Michael VI, deposed 1057.
- Isaac I Comnenus, abdicated 1059.
- Romanus IV, deposed 1071.
- Michael VII, deposed 1078.
- Nicephorus III, deposed 1081.
- Andronicus I Comnenus, deposed 1185.
- Isaac II Angelus, deposed 1195, restored 1203, deposed again 1204.
C
- Lando II of Capua, Count of Capua 861, deposed
- Pandenulf of Capua, Count of Capua 862–863 and 879–882
- Landenulf I of Capua, Count of Capua 885–887.
- Laidulf of Capua, Prince of Capua 993–999, deposed.
- Adhemar of Capua, Prince of Capua 1000, deposed by his own people.
- Pandulf IV of Capua, Prince of Capua 1016–1022, 1026–1038 and 1047–1050.
- Pandulf V of Capua, Prince of Capua 1022–1026, surrendered in 1026.
- Guaimar IV of Salerno, Duke of Gaeta 1038–1047, died 1052.
D
- Blácaire mac Gofrith King of Dublin 940 - 945 and 947 - 948 .
- Amlaíb Cuarán King of Dublin 945 - 947 and 952–980 .
- Godred Crovan King of Dublin 1079–1095, driven out of Dublin .
- Domnall mac Muirchertaig ua Briain King of Dublin c.1094–1102 and 1103–???? .
- Hasculf Thorgillsson King of Dublin 1160–1171, driven out and later killed .
- Dobroslav II, King of Duklja 1101–1102, deposed and blinded.
- Dobroslav III, King of Duklja 1102, deposed, blinded and castrated.
- George of Duklja, King of Duklja 1113–1118 and 1125–1131, deposed 1118, restored in 1125.
E
- Teos of Egypt, Pharaoh of Egypt 362–360 BC, overthrown, died in exile.
- Nectanebo II, Pharaoh of Egypt 360–343 BC, deposed by the Persian conquest, fled into exile.
- Al-Aziz Uthman, Ayyubid sultan of Egypt 1193–1198, died 1200.
F
- Hugh Capet, Duke of the Franks, 956–987, merged into the French Crown 987, died in 996.
G
- Hermeric Suevic King of Galicia, 406 or 419–438, abdicated 438, died 441.
- Eboric Suevic King of Galicia, 583–584, deposed by Andeca.
- Andeca Suevic King of Galicia, 584–585, deposed 585.
- Malaric Suevic King of Galicia, 585, deposed and captured.
- Alfonso Fróilaz, King of Galicia 925–926, driven out 926.
- Alfonso IV of León, King of Galicia 929–931, abdicated, died 933.
- Tancred FitzRobert, Prince of Galilee 1099–1101 deposed or abdicated, restored 1109–1112, died 1112.
- Joscelin I, Prince of Galilee, ? –1109, deposed or abdicated, restored 1112–1118.
- Illig Qaghan, Eastern Turkic (Göktürk) Khagan 621–630, captured in 630.
- Mu'iz ud-Dīn Ahmad-e Sanjar, Sultan of Great Seljuk 1118–1153, deposed 1153, died 1157.
H
Himayar
I
- Nerse of Iberia, ruling prince of Iberia from c. 760 to 772 and again from 775 to 779/80.
- Charles the Fat, King of Italy 879–887, deposed, died 888.
- Louis the Blind, King of Italy 900–905, deposed 905, died 928.
- Rudolph II of Burgundy, King of Italy 922–926, deposed 926, died 937.
- Berengar II of Italy, King of Italy 950–963, deposed 963, died 966.
- Conrad II of Italy, King of Italy 1093–1098, deposed 1098, died 1101.
J
- Empress Kōgyoku, Empress of Japan 642–645 and 655–661.
- Empress Jitō, Empress of Japan 686–697, died 702.
- Empress Gemmei, Empress of Japan 707–715, died 721.
- Empress Genshō, Empress of Japan 715–724, died 748.
- Emperor Shōmu, Emperor of Japan 724–749, died 756.
- Emperor Junnin, Emperor of Japan 758–765, deposed and died shortly thereafter.
- Empress Kōken, Empress of Japan 749–758 and 764–770, died 770.
- Emperor Kōnin, Emperor of Japan 770–781, died 782.
- Emperor Heizei, Emperor of Japan 806–809, died 824.
- Emperor Saga, Emperor of Japan 809–823, died 842.
- Emperor Junna, Emperor of Japan 823–833, died 840.
- Emperor Seiwa, Emperor of Japan 858–876, died 880.
- Emperor Yōzei, Emperor of Japan 876–884, died 949.
- Emperor Uda, Emperor of Japan 887–897, died 931.
- Emperor Daigo, Emperor of Japan 897–930, abdicated 930 and died shortly thereafter.
- Emperor Suzaku, Emperor of Japan 930–946, died 952.
- Emperor Reizei, Emperor of Japan 967–969, died 1011.
- Emperor En'yū, Emperor of Japan 969–984, died 991.
- Emperor Kazan, Emperor of Japan 984–986, abdicated 986, died 1008.
- Emperor Ichijō, Emperor of Japan 986–1011, abdicated 1011, and died shortly thereafter.
- Emperor Sanjō, Emperor of Japan 1011–1016, abdicated 1016, died 1017.
- Emperor Go-Suzaku, Emperor of Japan 1036–1045, abdicated 1045, died shortly thereafter.
- Emperor Go-Sanjō, Emperor of Japan 1068–1073, abdicated, died shortly thereafter.
- Emperor Shirakawa, Emperor of Japan 1073–1087, abdicated 1087, died 1129.
- Emperor Toba, Emperor of Japan 1107–1123, abdicated 1123, died 1156.
- Emperor Sutoku, Emperor of Japan 1123–1142, deposed or abdicated 1142, died 1164.
- Emperor Go-Shirakawa, Emperor of Japan 1155–1158, abdicated 1158, died 1192.
- Emperor Nijō, Emperor of Japan 1158–1165, abdicated 1165 shortly before his death.
- Emperor Rokujō, Emperor of Japan 1165–1168, deposed 1168, died 1176.
- Emperor Takakura, Emperor of Japan 1168–1180, abdicated 1180, died 1181.
- Emperor Go-Toba, Emperor of Japan 1183–1198, abdicated 1198, died 1239.
- Jehoahaz of Judah, King of Judah 609 BC, deposed by Necho II, died in exile.
- Zedekiah, King of Judah 597 BCE – 587 BCE, deposed, captured, blinded and taken into captivity.
K
- Nirjitavarman, King of Kashmir 907 and 923–924, deposed or abdicated 907, restored 923, died 924
- Partha, King of Kashmir 907–923 and 936, deposed or abdicated 923, restored 936, died 936.
- Chakravarman, King of Kashmir 935–936 and 936–938. Deposed 936, but restored shortly afterwards.
- Sussala, King of Kashmir 1113–1120 and 1120–1127. Deposed 1120, but restored shortly afterwards. Died 1127.
Khoruska
L
- Cotys IX, King of lesser Armenia, reigned 38 to until at least 47, forced to abdicate.
- Perctarit, King of the Lombards 661–662 and 671–688.
- Garibald, King of the Lombards 671, deposed in favour of his uncle Perctarit.
- Cunipert, King of the Lombards 688–689 and 689–700.
- Ratchis, King of the Lombards 744–749.
- Charles the Fat, King of Lotharingia 882–887, deposed, died 888.
- Charles the Simple, King of Lotharingia 911–922, deposed 922, died 923.
- Henry I, Duke of Bavaria, Duke of Lorraine 939–940, deposed 940, died 955.
- Croesus, King of Lydia, 560 BC – 547 BC, deposed by the Persians, 547 BC.
M
- Antipater II, King of Macedon, deposed 294 BC.
- Demetrius I Poliorcetes, King of Macedon, deposed 288 BC.
- Meleager (king), King of Macedon 278 BC, deposed in that same year.
- Pyrrhus, King of Macedon and Epirus, deposed 285 BC, restored 274 BC.
- Antigonus Gonatas, King of Macedon, deposed 274 BC, restored 272 BC.
- Perseus, deposed 168 BC.
- Astyages, King of the Median Empiere 585 BCE–550 BCE, overthrown in 550.
- Al-Hasan ibn Kannun, Sultan of Morocco 954–974, deposed, died 985.
- Hammama Ibn El Moez, Sultan of Morocco 1026–1033 and 1038–1040.
N
Nanuye
- Zhao Jiande, King of Nanuye 112–111 BC, deposed by China in 111 BC.
- Eadwulf I of Northumbria King of Northumbria 704-705, deposed and exiled .
- Ceolwulf of Northumbria King of Northumbria 729 until 737, being deposed for a brief time in 731 or 732 . He abdicated in 739 and entered a monastery .
- Eadberht of Northumbria King of Northumbria 737 or 738–758, abdicated, died 768 .
- Æthelwald Moll of Northumbria King of Northumbria 759-765, deposed 765 .
- Alhred of Northumbria King of Northumbria 765-774, deposed and went into exile .
- Æthelred I of Northumbria King of Northumbria 774-779 and 788/789-796
- Osred II of Northumbria King of Northumbria 789 to 790, deposed and went into exile .
- Osbald of Northumbria King of Northumbria 796, abandoned by his people and went into exile .
- Eardwulf of Northumbria King of Northumbria 796 to 806, deposed 806
- Æthelred II of Northumbria King of Northumbria c. 854- c. 858
- Amlaíb Cuarán King of Northumbria twice, 941-944
- Eric Bloodaxe King of Northumbria c. 948 and 952–954 .
O
P
Paris
- Mithridates III of Parthia, Great King of Parthia 70–57 BC, deposed 57, died 53 BC.
- Vonones I of Parthia, Great King of Parthia 8–12, deposed 12, died 19.
- Artabanus II of Parthia, Great King of Parthia 10–35 and 36–38, deposed 35, restored 36, died 38.
- Tiridates III of Parthia, Great King of Parthia 35–36 AD, deposed and fled to Syria.
- Vologases II of Parthia, Great King of Parthia 77–80, deposed.
- Arsames of Persia, allegedly briefly king of Persia, deposed by Cyrus II.
- Bessus (Artaxerxes V.), ruling over small parts of Persia 330–329 BC, ordered the killing of Darius III. He was deposed and handed over to Alexander by his own people.
- Polemon II., king of Pontus and Cicilia 38–62, forced to abdicate in Pontus by Nero.
Q
- Qin Shi Huang, King of Qin 246 BCE – 221 BCE, title merged into the imperial title of China 221 BCE, died 210 as Emperor of China.
R
- Govinda IV, King of Rashtrakuta 930–935, deposed 935.
- Valerian, Emperor of Rome 253–260, deposed and captured in 260.
- Diocletian, Emperor of Rome 284–305, abdicated 305, died 311.
- Maximian, Emperor of Rome 285–286, 286–305, 306–308, 310.
S
- Tahir I, Saffarid amir 901–908, deposed and imprisoned in Baghdad.
- Laith, Saffarid amir 909–910, deposed, died 928.
- Mohammed I of Persia, Saffarid amir 910–911, deposed.
- Sico of Salerno, prince of Salerno 851–853, died 855.
- Adhemar of Salerno, prince of Salerno 853–861, deposed by his own people.
- Manso I of Amalfi, prince of Salerno 981–983, died 1004.
- John I of Amalfi, prince of Salerno 981–982, died 1007.
- Gisulf II of Salerno, prince of Salerno (1052–1077), died around 1090.
- Antiochus Hierax, separatist ruler of parts of the Selucid empire 246–before 226 BC, waging war to govern all of Anatolia; he was defeated and expelled to Egypt, where he was killed by robbers.
- Hubert, Duke of Spoleto, Duke of Spoleto 943–946, deposed 945/946, died 967/970.
- Landulf IV of Benevento, Duke of Spoleto 981, died 982.
- Hugh, Margrave of Tuscany, Duke of Spoleto 989–996, deposed 996, died 1001.
- Adhemar of Capua, Duke of Spoleto 998–999, died after 1000.
- Welf VI, Duke of Spoleto 1152–1160 and 1167–1173.
- Conrad of Urslingen, Duke of Spoleto from 1183 to 1190 and then from 1195 to 1198, died 1202.
- Ottokar IV of Styria, ruler of Styria fl. c. 1030, died 1038.
- Ottokar V of Styria, ruler of Styria 1047–1080, died before 1083.
T
Tang-Ch'ang
- Liang Mi-ting, King of Tang-Ch'ang 541–550 and 550–564. Deposed 550, but restored shortly afterwards, died 564.
- Raja Suhal Dev died 1050 AD.
- Raja Mordhoj died 1020 AD.
- Raja Singhraj Chauhan ruled around 725 AD.
- Raja Manikrae Chauhan ruled around 650 AD.
- "Chauhan" Raja Dholrae Pal ruled around 600 AD.
- "Chauhan" Raja Ajaypal ruled around 250 AD.
- King Vikramaditya ruled in 1st Century AD.
- Boniface II, Margrave of Tuscany, Margrave of Tuscany 828–834, deposed 834, died 838.
- Lambert, Margrave of Tuscany, Margrave of Tuscany 929–931, deposed 931, died after 938.
- Boso, Margrave of Tuscany, Margrave of Tuscany 931–936, deposed 936, died 936.
- Rainier, Margrave of Tuscany, Margrave of Tuscany 1014–1027, deposed 1027 by Conrad II of the Holy Roman Empire.
- Welf II, Duke of Bavaria, Co-Margrave of Tuscany with his wife Matilda of Tuscany since 1089, left her side in 1095, died 1120.
- Engelbert III, Margrave of Istria, Margrave of Tuscany 1135–1137.
- Welf VI, Margrave of Tuscany 1152–1160 and 1167–1173.
U
V
W
- Somesvara II, King of Western Chalukya 1068–1076, deposed 1076.
- Xian Wen Di, King of Wei 465–471, deposed or abdicated 471, died 475.
- Modi of Wu, King of Wu 264–280, deposed or abdicated 280, died 281.
- Jingdi of Wu, King of Wu 555–556, deposed or abdicated 556, died 558.
- Lin Hai Wang, King of Wu 566–568, deposed or abdicated 568, died 570.
- King Fuchai of Wu, King of Wu 495 BC – 473 BC, deposed 473 and committed suicide.
- Yu Chung-Kuang, King of Wu 961–976, deposed 976, died 978.
X
Y
Z
- King Youmiu (幽繆王), King of Zhao 236 BC–228 BC, captured and deposed by Qin.
- King Dai (代王), King of Zhao 228 BC–222 BC captured and deposed by Qin.
See also